Proverbs 13:20

He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of fools shall be destroyed.
– Proverbs 13:20

Proverbs speaks often about the influence, for good or bad, of others upon one’s life. The fatherly addresses in the opening chapters alert to the presence of evil influences and instruct and warn to avoid them (Proverbs 1:10; 2:12; 4:14). The proverbs proper also warn this way (Proverbs 16:29; 22:24-25; 23:20; 28:7). The first phrase commends the good of walking with wise men. The result is becoming wise oneself (Proverbs 2:20). The second phrase warns that to flock with fools, which the word for companion means, will to be inherit the same end as fools (Proverbs 1:11-19; 2:12-19; 9:6).

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Proverbs 13:19

The desire accomplished is sweet to the soul: but it is abomination to fools to depart from evil.
– Proverbs 13:19

The wording in this proverb is difficult and various interpretations have been offered. The second and contrasting phrase gives the emphasis to the first phrase. Taken in this light, the desire mentioned must be a good desire as the obtaining it yields the sweet result. The contrast is that fools refuse the good that comes from wisdom and righteousness because they cannot depart from evil. It is an abomination to fools, just as the upright are to the wicked (Proverbs 29:27). This proverb then reflects the spiritual nature of the fool’s problem. He doesn’t lack good information. He refuses it because he loves his folly more (Proverbs 26:11). He is wise in his own eyes and does not fear the Lord and therefore will not depart from evil nor purge his iniquities (Proverbs 3:7; 16:6).

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Proverbs 13:18

Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth instruction: but he that regardeth reproof shall be honored.
– Proverbs 13:18

This proverb is a truism of outcomes in life. The word for shame points to disgrace, or dishonor, and poverty is just that. This comes to one who refuses instruction, which is discipline including correction. Despising instruction is the proverbial characteristic of the fool (Proverbs 1:7). The contrast is to regard reproof. To regard is to keep or give heed. The word for reproof leans more to the correction. Such correction is an indispensable part of acquiring wisdom (Proverbs 15:5, 31-32; 9:9; 25:12).

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Proverbs 13:17

A wicked messenger falleth into mischief: but a faithful ambassador is health.
– Proverbs 13:17

Relying on an unreliable messenger brings many troubles upon you. The slothful messenger is a serious irritation (Proverbs 10:26) and a foolish messenger does more harm than good, as far accomplishing your purpose is concerned (Proverbs 26:6). Here a wicked messenger causes you trouble, or plunges you into it. The contrast is with the faithful ambassador, or messenger. The word for health has the idea of being curative and so, helpful. The faithful messenger is also presented as being refreshing to the one who sent him (Proverbs 25:13).

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Proverbs 13:16

Every prudent man dealeth with knowledge: but a fool layeth open his folly.
– Proverbs 13:16

The prudent man looks well to his way and discerns dangers and pitfalls (Proverbs 22:3). Thus he can be said to deal, or make his way, with knowledge, or discernment. This proverb reveals a wise discernment of character. The prudent will be known by their doings, as will the fool. The fool layeth open, or displays his folly. The imagery presented is of a peddler spreading out his merchandise for full view to passersby. A fool’s actions will show him to be a fool, just as the wise are known the same way (Proverbs 12:23; 15:2).

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Proverbs 13:15

Good understanding giveth favor: but the way of transgressors is hard.
– Proverbs 13:15

The word for understanding means prudence. The first phrase someone with good sense, who has good judgment. They also give good counsel and do good work and hence earn favor (Proverbs 3:4; 14:35). The word for hard means rough and indicates the contrast for transgressors is a loss of favor. Their way is difficult (Proverbs 4:19).

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Proverbs 13:14

The law of the wise is a fountain of life, to depart from the snares of death.
– Proverbs 13:14

The word for law means direction or instruction. It can refer to any instruction, though it often refers to God’s law-word. Here it is qualified as the law of the wise. The wise have the fear of the Lord and have acquired wisdom (Proverbs 14:27). Their wise instruction functions two ways. The fountain of life imagery suggests they are a source of life as well as refreshment. Their law also teaches to depart from the snares of death, or delivers from death (Proverbs 15:24; 16:6, 17).

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Proverbs 13:13

Whoso despiseth the word shall be destroyed: but he that feareth the commandment shall be rewarded.
– Proverbs 13:13

This is a Proverb that brings us back to the seriousness of receiving or rejecting divine wisdom. The Proverbs is not a collection of homespun advice. Despising and rejecting the word leads to destruction (Proverbs 1:25, 30-31). Alternatively, fearing and keeping the commandment leads to life (Proverbs 10:27; 11:31; 9:10-11).

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Proverbs 13:12

Hope deferred maketh the heart sick: but when the desire cometh, it is a tree of life.
– Proverbs 13:12

The word for deferred means to stretch or draw out. It indicates a hope, or expectation, that is delayed. The phrase heart sick is akin to what we would call depression, though not necessarily the full clinical sense. The point is the unbearable discouragement of endless waiting. When that longing is fulfilled, it is a tree of life. This imagery is used a few times in Proverbs (Proverbs 3:18; 11:30). It indicates a source that is life-giving and sustaining. The phrase here speaks of a reviving of the overwrought soul.

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